Dog owners are being urged to take extra care during colder weather, as winter walks can expose pets to a range of seasonal health risks. With temperatures dropping across the UK, everyday outings can quickly become dangerous if dogs are not adequately protected from the cold and from substances commonly used on roads and driveways.
Ross Hallifax, from pet insurance specialist Purely Pets, has talked about the risk of serious illness during winter months, including hypothermia, chemical burns and poisoning.
“Many owners assume that because dogs have fur, they’re naturally protected from the cold, but that’s not true. Just like us, dogs can suffer from hypothermia and even chemical burns from winter road salt and grit.”
While some breeds have thick coats, small, short-haired and older dogs lose heat more quickly and need additional care
Prolonged exposure to cold, particularly in wet or windy conditions, is a primary cause of hypothermia in dogs. Wind and moisture increase heat loss, reducing the insulating effect of a dog’s coat. Cold water presents a further risk, as it can rapidly lower body temperature. Owners are advised to keep dogs on the lead around frozen ponds and lakes to reduce the chance of falling in.
“A dog’s fur can only protect them from so much cold weather, and they can get hypothermia if they become too cold and can’t warm up,” Ross explained. “Watch out for shivering, paleness, low energy, and bad coordination and seek urgent veterinary advice if you think your dog is suffering.”
He also advised avoiding walks at the coldest times of day where possible, suggesting that heading out around midday can reduce exposure to low temperatures.
While some breeds have thick coats, small, short-haired and older dogs lose heat more quickly and need additional care. Ross stressed that regular exercise remains important during winter but said adjustments may be needed for dogs less suited to cold conditions.
“For breeds less suited to cold weather, such as whippets, greyhounds, and Yorkshire terriers, consider a weatherproof, fleece-lined coat to keep them warm. Limit their time outdoors in the cold to prevent discomfort and health risks,” he said.
Winter conditions can also cause damage to dogs’ paws. Salt, grit and ice-melt chemicals used on roads and pavements can irritate paw pads, leading to cracks and soreness. In more severe cases, these substances can cause chemical burns and may become toxic if dogs lick their paws while grooming.
Antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, which is highly toxic even in small amounts
Owners are advised to check paws regularly, dry them thoroughly after walks and wipe them with warm water. Trimming long fur around the feet can help prevent ice balls forming between the toes.
Antifreeze and de-icing products present another hazard. These substances are commonly used in cold weather and can be ingested when dogs lick the ground or their paws. Antifreeze contains ethylene glycol, which is highly toxic even in small amounts. Symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, loss of coordination, seizures and, in severe cases, coma.
“To prevent antifreeze poisoning, store antifreeze containers out of your pets’ reach. Clean up any antifreeze spills promptly and protect your pet’s paws by using dog booties and wiping their paws after being outside,” Ross said.
